Understanding Operators and Expressions in Programming C (Type Casting and Operators) || Programming C Notes Unit 002

Understanding Operators and Expressions in C

Question : What is operators on Programming C ?

Ans: Operators in C programming are symbols that are used to perform operations on operands. These operations can include arithmetic operations, logical operations, bitwise operations, assignment operations, and more. Operators help in manipulating data and controlling the flow of a program. 

DIFFERENT TYPES OF OPERATORS:

1) Arithmetic: In C language, there are five primary arithmetic operators Used to perform arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus.:

Addition (+)
Subtraction (-)
Multiplication (*)
Division (/) it will provide u divide value not remainder
Remainder after division (%), also known as the modulus operator.

These operators perform basic mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and finding the remainder of integer division. The symbols +, -, *, and / function similarly to other programming languages.

Example: 

int a = 10, b = 5;
int sum = a + b; // Addition
int difference = a - b; // Subtraction
int product = a * b; // Multiplication
int quotient = a / b; // Division
int remainder = a % b; // Modulus

2) Relational Operators: In C programming, relational operators are used to compare the relationship between operands and make decisions based on the comparison. These operators evaluate whether one operand is greater than, less than, or equal to another operand. The outcome of the comparison is either true or false, represented as 1 and 0 respectively.

There are five to six main relational operators in C:

< (less than)
<= (less than or equal to)
> (greater than)
>= (greater than or equal to)
== (Equal to): Checks whether the values on both sides are equal.
!= (Not equal to): Checks whether the values on both sides are not equal.

Example: 

int x = 10, y = 20;
if (x == y) {
    printf("x is equal to y\n");
} else {
    printf("x is not equal to y\n");
}

3) Logical Operator: Logical Operators: Used to perform logical operations on boolean operands. Logical operators return either true (1) or false (0).

1. • Example: && (logical AND), || (logical OR), ! (logical NOT).
   • These operators are commonly used to compare variables of the same type, such as comparing ages, marks, salaries, prices, etc. The result of the comparison helps in making decisions within the program flow.

>> && : If both operands are true then it will return true, if both operands are false then it will return false, if any operands are false then it will return false. and this symbol is called ampresand in programming.

Example: 

int p = 1, q = 0;
if (p && q) {
    printf("Both p and q are true\n");
} else {
    printf("At least one of p or q is false\n");
}

>> || (Logical or): if any operands are true then it will return true. mtlb do conditions me se koi ek bhi satisfy krta hai to ise true karega.

Exmaple:

#include <stdio.h>

    int main() {
        int num;

        // Prompt the user to enter a number
        printf("Enter a number: ");
        scanf("%d", &num);

        // Check if the number is either positive or even
        if (num > 0 || num % 2 == 0) {
            printf("The number is either positive or even.\n");
        } else {
            printf("The number is neither positive nor even.\n");
        }

        return 0;
    }

>> ! (Logical Not): In C programming, the logical NOT operator (!) is used to reverse the logical state of its operand. If the operand is true, it returns false, and if the operand is false, it returns true.

#include <stdio.h>

        int main() {
            int x = 5;
            int y = 10;

            // Using logical NOT operator
            printf("!x = %d\n", !x); // Output: 0 (because x is non-zero, so !x is false)
            printf("!y = %d\n", !y); // Output: 0 (because y is non-zero, so !y is false)
            printf("!(x < y) = %d\n", !(x < y)); // Output: 0 (because x is less than y, so !(x < y) is false)

            // Reversing logical states
            printf("!!x = %d\n", !!x); // Output: 1 (because x is non-zero, so !!x is true)
            printf("!!y = %d\n", !!y); // Output: 1 (because y is non-zero, so !!y is true)
            printf("!(x >= y) = %d\n", !(x >= y)); // Output: 1 (because x is not greater