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Statistics Data Science

 Types of Data: -

Majorly deal with 2 types of data : 1) Numberical Data[continuos data] ex: age, salary, height
                                                            Objective: Quantative Study 

                                                            2) Categorical Data[Dispreet Data]: ex: Gender, City etc
                                                            Objective: Qualitative Study

Types of Statistic;;; Basically Statistic is a branch of mathematics which helps u to study data distribution

✅ 1. Descriptive Statistics (वर्णनात्मक सांख्यिकी)

Is type me data ko collect, organize aur summarize kiya jaata hai — taaki data ko aasaan tareeke se samjha ja sake.
Isme sirf jo data diya hota hai usi ka description hota hai, koi prediction nahi hoti.

🔹 Isme kya-kya aata hai:

  • Mean (औसत)

  • Median (मध्यिका)

  • Mode (बहुलक)

  • Range

  • Standard Deviation

  • Tables, Graphs, Charts

🔹 Example:

Agar 10 students ke marks diya ho aur aap:

  • Average nikal rahe ho

  • Highest–lowest value bata rahe ho
    → Ye Descriptive Statistics hai.

🔹 Use kaha hota hai:

  • School/college result analysis

  • Business reports

  • Government surveys ki summary

  • Data visualization


✅ 1. Population (समष्टि / जनसंख्या)

Population = Study ke liye liye gaye sabhi individuals ya sabhi data ka poora group.


Yaani:

Jitne bhi units aapke study ke under aate hain, wo population kehlate hain.

🔹 Example:

  • Agar aap poore India ke voters ka study kar rahe ho → Ye Population hai

  • Ek college ke sabhi 2000 students → Ye Population hai

  • Factory me sabhi workers → Population

🔹 Symbol:

Population ka size usually N se denote hota hai.


✅ 2. Sample (नमूना)

Sample = Population ka chhota hissa jise study ke liye select kiya jaata hai.

Yaani:

Poore group me se thode log/data jo research ke liye liye jaate hain, wo sample hote hain.

🔹 Example:

  • 2000 students me se sirf 100 students ka survey → Ye Sample

  • 1 lakh voters me se 1000 voters ka survey → Sample

🔹 Symbol:

Sample ka size n se denote hota hai.

✅ 2. Inferential Statistics (निर्णायक / अनुमानात्मक सांख्यिकी)

Isme sample data ke base par poori population ke baare me conclusion ya prediction nikala jaata h

Yaani:

“Thode data se poore group ka andaaza lagana”

🔹 Isme kya-kya aata hai:

  • Probability

  • Hypothesis Testing

  • t-test, z-test

  • Chi-square test

  • Regression Analysis

  • ANOVA

  • Confidence Interval

🔹 Example:

Agar aap 100 logon ka survey karke yeh conclude karo ki
“Is shehar me 60% log smartphone use karte hain”
→ Ye Inferential Statistics hai.

🔹 Use kaha hota hai:

  • Research

  • Medical studies

  • Government policies

  • Data Science & AI

  • Market prediction


 

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